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      [書畫知識] 原创 红楼梦:看懂王夫人的真实身份,才知道贾宝玉为何不能喊她“妈”

      4 已有 392 次阅读   2025-01-17 22:18
      原创 红楼梦:看懂王夫人的真实身份,才知道贾宝玉为何不能喊她“妈”
      董于嫣 2025-01-17 11:30
      紅樓夢作爲傳世經典,不僅人物刻畫十分鮮活,就連裏面的稱呼也是大有講究。
      賈府是名門貴族,登基非常森嚴,即便是公子賈寶玉平日裏也是謹慎得很,不敢行差踏錯,否則免不得要受父親責罵。
      面對自己的親生母親,賈寶玉甚至不親切的稱呼媽媽,反而叫太太,讓人覺得生分疏離。
      可細看紅樓夢才知道,王夫人的身份非同一般,是不能隨意稱呼的,即便是親兒子賈寶玉也不能喊“媽”。
      一、王夫人的身份
      王夫人是賈政的妻子,出身于賈史王薛四大家族之一的王家,紅樓夢一大有名人物王熙鳳就是她的侄女。
      王夫人的確出身顯赫,但還不足以與賈府這樣的世襲家族匹配,她嫁給賈政後的地位是直線上升的,雖然賈政並不是長子,但他卻是榮國府真正的掌權人。
      她爲賈政生下了賈珠、賈元春和賈寶玉三個孩子,性情寬厚,在賈府比較受人愛戴,就連賈母對她的評價也很高。
      王夫人因爲賈政的緣故,自然而然的成爲了賈府後院的當家主母,但她卻以退爲進,把管家的權力交給了自己的娘家侄女王熙鳳。
      王熙鳳也的確很有手段,將賈府治理的井井有條,也非常擅長約束下人,可她也還是經常請示王夫人的意見,一來是尊敬,二來王夫人手裏也是有權的,只是不再明面上而已。
      後來王夫人的女兒賈元春在宮裏受到皇帝寵愛當上了貴妃,王夫人的身份就更加尊貴了,不像邢夫人表面光鮮沒有實權,王夫人在賈府的地位是非常尊貴的。
      丈夫和女兒,一個是朝廷命官、府上當家人,一個是皇帝後妃,王夫人的身價水漲船高,自然也是個诰命夫人。
      在古代封建制度下,按照王夫人的出身,她爬到了自己能爬到的最高地位,诰命夫人雖然有俸祿沒實權,但也是其他婦女想都不能想的,只有一到五品的官員才能受封。
      賈政雖然也有其他妾室,但是妾室的地位是遠不如主母的,就連妾室生下的孩子也不能管自己叫娘,只能叫姨娘,就像賈探春一樣。
      探春雖然是姨娘生的,但爲人十分懂禮,又大氣又聰慧,後來還幫著管家,管家能人王熙鳳對她的評價都是很高的。
      王夫人也非常喜歡她,把她當做親生孩子般,雖然表面上不能有過多表達,可心裏是非常認可她的,只可惜她是姨娘所生。
      探春自然也知道王夫人對她的心疼,可終究不是親生,只能尊敬的稱呼一聲太太。
      賈探春的稱呼尚且合理,可賈寶玉卻也管自己的親娘叫“太太”,這樣就不顯得生分嗎。
      從紅樓夢的諸多細節可以知道,王夫人雖然表面上總說賈寶玉調皮頑劣,但心裏是非常疼愛自己這個兒子的,賈寶玉雖然害怕自己父親,可並不害怕王夫人,爲什麽不叫“媽”非要跟別人一樣叫太太呢?
      二、對王夫人的稱呼
      賈寶玉是個在大觀園中是個非常特別的公子哥,好似是在脂粉堆裏長大沒什麽志氣一樣,但他卻是最明白的人,他生在高門顯貴的大家族卻一點沒有架子,但又按照自己所生長的環境盡力的善待和尊重每一個人。
      他父親是朝廷命官,祖母和母親都是诰命夫人,往來結交也都是非富即貴,他恣意隨性,卻也十分懂禮,父親對他多有責罵,他只是懼怕也不怨恨,母親十分寵溺,他也不會仗勢欺人,反倒對母親恭敬有加,時常以請示的態度詢問事由。
      他和府內其他人一樣稱呼自己親娘爲太太,這個稱呼看似生疏,但卻合理,畢竟以王夫人的高貴身份,對她的稱呼是極有講究的。
      在皇權大如天的古代社會,王夫人作爲诰命夫人身份非同一般,就連丈夫賈政在人前也時常稱王夫人爲“太太”,表示自己對妻子身份的尊重。
      賈家位高權重、等級森嚴,賈寶玉雖然是王夫人寵愛的小兒子,也不能隨意稱呼自己的母親,必須要保持尊敬的態度,因爲那不是尋常人家,王夫人也不只是他賈寶玉一個人的母親,更是賈府的當家女主人、皇帝親封的诰命夫人。
      所以賈府從上到下,不論是老爺公子還是小姐丫鬟都稱呼王夫人爲太太,而這個詞卻不同于現在,在古代普通人家的已婚婦女,是不能如此稱呼的。
      “太太”一詞的解釋有幾種,首先指的是官吏的妻子稱爲太太,而且不是所有的官吏都能如此稱呼,在明代中丞以上的官員妻子才能被這樣叫,後來這種叫法漸漸傳開,士大夫們的妻子都可以這樣稱呼。
      還有就是過去封建時代的仆人奴婢都稱呼家裏的女主人爲太太,以表尊敬。
      所以,賈府上下都管王夫人叫太太,就連輩分最高、權力最大的賈母在衆人面前也稱呼王夫人爲太太,更別說賈寶玉這個小輩了。
      賈寶玉在王夫人不在場時稱呼她爲太太,這個稱呼與衆人一樣,顯得有禮貌,又不至于突出自己和王夫人的母子關系,跟其他小姐丫鬟能打成一片。
      而當著王夫人的面,賈寶玉也是稱呼其爲太太,尊敬之意不減,卻多了些親切意味。
      如果說“太太”這個稱呼是襯出王夫人的身份,不得不這樣叫,那私下裏賈寶玉會不會親昵的叫王夫人爲“媽”呢,其實也是不會的,因爲在古代“媽”這個詞也非常的有講究。
      三、賈寶玉不能叫王夫人“媽”
      在古代表示母親的詞,大多都是“娘”,後來也慢慢開始出現“媽”的稱呼,最早也許是從明清時才開始有“媽”一詞的解釋,並且還沒有完全普及。
      紅樓夢中,薛蟠和薛寶钗稱呼自己母親薛姨媽爲“媽”,而薛姨媽和王夫人本是親姐妹,可賈寶玉從未稱呼自己母親爲“媽”,這跟王夫人的身份有很大關系。
      薛家雖然家大業大,但與賈家相比是差很多的,薛家雖然做生意很有錢,但是政治地位斷斷比不上賈家,因此兩姐妹嫁人後分別稱爲了王夫人和薛姨媽,他們的身份也是大大不同了。
      並且“媽”這個詞多用于口語的表達,常在私下裏丫鬟仆人的對話中出現,雖然薛寶钗也這樣叫,但與薛姨媽身份有關,幾人住在賈府是客,不好做出主人的樣子,且薛家沒賈家的規矩那麽嚴,私下裏叫“媽”顯得薛寶钗母女關系親昵。
      而“媽”這個詞,並不光指母親,更多的指的是年老的女仆,或者老一輩的婦女等。
      大观园中很多老年女仆人,都被别人称呼为妈妈,大多也都是姓名在前,妈**称呼在后,睙徵“周妈”、“林妈”等。
      那麽大一座榮國府,丫鬟仆人得有多少啊,年老女仆稱爲媽媽,怎麽好管王夫人也稱爲媽媽呢,當然是要叫太太。
      即便是賈寶玉也不可以隨便這樣叫,顯得偌大一座榮國府沒有規矩,也顯得不尊重王夫人。
      賈寶玉不叫媽這件事,並不是賈寶玉本人的習慣和意願,是符合當時的社會環境的,作爲世襲爵位的官僚家族,賈府的規矩多的很,不光是賈寶玉約束自己的稱呼,連他父親賈政也是要講究的。
      見到賈母走來,賈政也並沒有直接稱呼爲母親,而是稱其爲“老太太”,和其他小輩一樣,換到賈寶玉身上也相同,他們父子倆都稱呼自己的母親爲“太太”,表示尊敬意味的同時,也反映出了當時官僚家庭的稱呼特點。
      即便是在家裏,官員和其家裏人互相稱呼也是官稱在先,而不是像普通百姓家裏可以親切的呼喚彼此。
      而薛家雖然是黃商,有錢的很,但是在當時商人的社會地位並不高,薛家有名有錢但是沒有多大的權力,與賈家的官僚家族是不同的,自然也沒那麽多的官僚作派,薛寶钗也習慣于稱呼母親爲“媽”。
      賈史王薛,四大家族的順序也表示了他們的地位,賈家權勢滔天,府中規矩繁多,賈寶玉身爲一衆長輩的心頭肉,也不能打破任何的規矩。
      他雖有靈氣且與封建禮教格格不入,卻也難以與當時的封建環境抗衡,甚至連自己娶誰爲妻,或是連自己身邊的丫鬟都護不住,一個稱呼上的講究就已經說明,在當時社會身份的重要性遠大于親子之間的情分。
      就像賈政看見元春也不得不下拜稱臣,因爲他拜的不是自己女兒,拜的是皇權。
      四、總結
      賈寶玉不叫王夫人“媽”並非是母子二人不親,實在是規矩諸多,並且當時的社會環境與現在極爲不同,按照賈家的情況來看,賈寶玉是必須叫王夫人“太太”的。
      這與王夫人的诰命身份有關,也跟當時的官僚習慣性稱謂方式有關,一個“媽”字雖然在現代人眼中看來更加親切,卻不符合當時的社會環境。
      由此看來,紅樓夢不愧爲文學史上的巅峰之作,就連一個稱呼都有如此多的講究,可見作者的嘔心瀝血。
      #三分鍾講文化#

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      He held out his hand. ‘I shall be very pleased to show you anything I’ve got,’ said Keeling. ‘We will have a cup of{274} tea in my library unless Lady Inverbroom is waiting in your motor.’ The morning after their return from Enoshima was mostly spent at the hotel, as all three of the excursionists were somewhat fatigued with their journey. The boys embraced the opportunity to ask the Doctor the meaning of certain things they had observed in Japan, and which had not been brought up in conversation. Till we look on the world from above." "Would I not tell my dream, as nice young men in the Bible always did?" "No," he said, "my last name is Durand." He gave it the French pronunciation. "She air!" He was pleased. "Yass, we all good frien's togetheh." "Gholson, s'e, 'I done as I done, sir, from my highest sense o' duty. This ain't Lieutenant Helm's own little private war, Lieutenant Quinn, nor mine, nor yours.'" "I am Charlotte Oliver." "I'm afraid your explanation won't hold water," he rejoined. "I can't bring myself not to believe in what I saw. You see, all my life I have been trying to believe in miracles, in manifestations. I have always said that if only we could bring ourselves to accept what is not obvious. My best sermons have been upon[Pg 129] that subject: of the desirability of getting ourselves into the receptive state. Sometimes the Vicar has objected. He seemed to think I was piling it on deliberately. But I assure you, Doctor Allingham, that I have always wanted to believe—and, in this case, it was only my infirmity and my unfortunate nervousness that led me to lose such an opportunity." "It sounds incredible," the Countess said. There was a faint moaning cry in the doorway, a tiny white figure stood there. Mamie had been awakened by the ringing of the bell, she had missed Hetty, and had come down in her childish way to see what was the matter. For compasses, the lead points should be cylindrical, and fit into a metal sheath without paper packing or other contrivance to hold them; and if a draughtsman has instruments not arranged in this manner, he should have them changed at once, both for convenience and economy. Chuck-boring is employed in three cases; for holes of shallow depth, taper holes, and holes that are screw-threaded. As pieces are overhung in lathe-boring there is not sufficient rigidity neither of the lathe spindle nor of the tools to admit of deep boring. The tools being guided in a straight line, and capable of acting at any angle to the axis of rotation, the facilities for making tapered holes are complete; and as the tools are stationary, and may be instantly adjusted, the same conditions answer for cutting internal screw-threads; an operation corresponding to cutting external screws, except that the cross motions of the tool slide are reversed. "Sister," I said, "I am a cousin of S?ur Eulalie, and should like to see her, to know how she is and take her greetings to her family in The Netherlands." 102 As I went a patrol marched out—reinforcements had again come from Tongres—whose task was to clear the district of the enemy. The patrol consisted of six Death-head hussars, about forty bicyclists, and the rest infantry, altogether about four hundred men, who were able to keep together, because the hussars and the cyclists proceeded very slowly and cautiously in the direction of Lanaeken. I went with them, chatting with one of the officers. As soon as they had got to the road, the greatest caution188 was observed. The hussars went in front, followed by some of the infantry, all in loose formation, continually looking about in all directions, with the finger at the cock of the rifle. Nor is it only the personality of Socrates that has been so variously conceived; his philosophy, so far as it can be separated from his life, has equally given occasion to conflicting interpretations, and it has even been denied that he had, properly speaking, any philosophy at all. These divergent presentations of his teaching, if teaching it can be called, begin with the two disciples to whom our knowledge of it is almost entirely due. There is, curiously enough, much the same inner discrepancy between Xenophon’s Memorabilia and those111 Platonic dialogues where Socrates is the principal spokesman, as that which distinguishes the Synoptic from the Johannine Gospels. The one gives us a report certainly authentic, but probably incomplete; the other account is, beyond all doubt, a highly idealised portraiture, but seems to contain some traits directly copied from the original, which may well have escaped a less philosophical observer than Plato. Aristotle also furnishes us with some scanty notices which are of use in deciding between the two rival versions, although we cannot be sure that he had access to any better sources of information than are open to ourselves. By variously combining and reasoning from these data modern critics have produced a third Socrates, who is often little more than the embodiment of their own favourite opinions. the summer when I wasn't teaching Latin to my two stupid children. And so on, in an endless file, come the bodies of the faithful dead, some from long distances, so that their souls may rise at once to paradise from their ashes burnt on the Manumenka. “Looks bad, this-here, don’t it?” He grinned. Turning with a confidential air and addressing Dick, for whom he seemed to have the greater liking, Mr. “Everdail” spoke. “All ready!” called Larry, bending the end of the line so its flow went into the central tank of the amphibian. As soon as the yacht came in sight, they stared toward the stern. “We can prove it—come on!” He held up a hand, and pointed ahead, then opened the throttle, came onto a straightaway course over the hydroplane, rapidly overhauled it and got well ahead. Then, cutting the gun and gliding, as it came up under them, he signaled, and Dick, waiting, ignited a second flare. “What about Tommy Larsen?” He failed in his purpose. “Tommy’s a good pilot,” Jeff admitted. “Well—I’ll be on my way. See you at the next air Derby!” Jeff grinned at his joke and walked on. Countless times his nerves had been pulled by sounds which turned out on second thought to be only the contracting of the hot metal, subjected to the sun all day, as the evening breeze robbed it of its warmth. “He could start his motor and taxi while it warmed up, and be half across the Sound before he took off if he wanted to, in that ‘phib,’” the pilot said. Turning, he called that he would get going, and returned beyond their view beyond the trees. "Some Sierra Blanca, sir," said the soldier. It was respectful enough, and yet there was somewhere in the man's whole manner an air of equality, even superiority, that exasperated the lieutenant. It was contrary to good order and military discipline that a private should speak without hesitation, or without offence to the English tongue. A long sunset shadow fell across his path, and he looked up. Felipa was walking beside a little white burro, and holding Mrs. Campbell's golden-curled baby upon its back. She carried her head superbly erect, and her step, because of the moccasins, was quite noiseless. The glow of the sunset shone in her unflinching eyes, and lost itself in the dull black mass of her hair. She studied his face calmly, with a perfectly impersonal approval. There were also magazines and a few books in more than one language, wild flowers arranged in many sorts[Pg 36] of strange jars, and in the corner, by an improvised couch, a table stacked with cups and plates of Chelsea-Derby, which were very beautiful and very much out of place. "Over here to Tucson" was a three days' ride under the most favorable circumstances; but with the enthusiastic botanist dismounting at short intervals to make notes and press and descant upon specimens, it was five days before they reached, towards nightfall, the metropolis of the plains. At the instant a cloud floated over the sun, and soon a black bank began to fill up the sky above the ca?on. As they ate their breakfast in the tent, the morning darkened forebodingly. Felipa finished the big quart cup of weak coffee hurriedly, and stood up, pushing[Pg 99] back her camp-stool. Her horse and four others were waiting. Kirby was without fear, but he was also without redress. He turned from them, his face contracted with the pain of his impotence, and walked back to the house. "I could order them off the ranch to-night," he told his wife, as he dropped on a chair, and taking up the hearth brush made a feint of sweeping two or three cinders from the floor; "but it's ten to one they wouldn't go and it would weaken my authority—not that I have any, to be sure—and besides," he flung down the brush desperately and turned to her, "I didn't want to tell you before, but there is a pretty straight rumor that Victorio's band, or a part of it, is in these hills. We may need the men at any time." Neither spoke of the two who should have been back hours ago. The night closed slowly down. [Pg 209] "Now you get up and walk in front of me, and don't you try to bolt. I can run faster than you can, and, anyway, I'll shoot you if you try it." The probable outcome of things at the rate they were going was perfectly apparent. Landor would advance in age, respectability, and rank, and would be retired and settle down on three-fourths pay. He himself would end up in some cow-boy row, degraded and worthless, a tough character very probably, a fine example of nothing save atavism. And Felipa would grow old. That splendid triumphant youth of hers would pass, and she would be a commonplace, subdued, middle-aged woman, in whom a relapse to her nature would be a mere vulgarity. She gave a dry little sob of unutterable glad relief and tried to raise her voice and call to him, the call they used for one another when they rode about the ranch. But the sound was only a weak, low wail. Eugene, during these affairs, had been actively prosecuting the fortunes of the Allies with his remnant of an army. He pushed on the siege of Quesnoy, and took it. He sent a flying detachment of one thousand five hundred cavalry, under Major-General Grovestein, to make an incursion into France. This force made a rapid raid in Champagne, passed the Noire, the Meuse, the Moselle, and the Saar, ravaged the country, reduced a great number of villages and towns to[7] ashes, rode up to the very gate of Metz, and then retired to Traerbach with a load of rich booty. This was a proof of what might have been done in France at this period with the whole army united under a commander like Marlborough, in place of miserably giving up everything to that country in the moment of power. As it was, it created the utmost consternation in Paris, the people of which already saw the English at their gate; whilst Louis did not think himself safe at Versailles, but gathered all the troops in the neighbourhood of the capital around his palace, leaving the city to take care of itself. WELFEN CASTLE, HANOVER. Colonel Gardiner endeavoured to charge the advancing enemy with his dragoons; but it was in vain that he attempted to animate their craven souls by word and example—at the first volley of the Highlanders they wheeled and fled. The same disgraceful scene took place on the left, at nearly the same moment. Hamilton's regiment of horse dispersed at the first charge of the Macdonalds, leaving the centre exposed on both its flanks. The infantry made a better stand than the cavalry; it discharged a steady and well-directed volley on the advancing Highlanders, and killed some of their best men, amongst others, a son of the famous Rob Roy. But the Highlanders did not give them time for a second volley; they were up with them, dashed aside their bayonets with their targets, burst through their ranks in numerous places, so that the whole, not being able to give way on account of the park wall of Preston, were thrown into confusion, and at the mercy of the foe. Never was a battle so instantly decided—it is said not to have lasted more than five or six minutes; never was a defeat more absolute. Sir John Cope, or Johnnie Cope, as he will be styled in Scotland to the end of time, by the assistance of the Earls of Loudon and Home, collected about four hundred and fifty of the recreant dragoons, and fled to Coldstream that night. There not feeling secure, they continued their flight till they reached Berwick, where Sir Mark Kerr received Cope with the[97] sarcastic but cruelly true remark that he believed that he was the first general on record who had carried the news of his own defeat. "The same idea has occurred to me," said the Lieutenant; "though I've felt all along that we should not be diverted by anything from making our way as fast as possible up to the main line. What do you think, Shorty?" "I cannot get you out of the army too quickly. Sign this, and leave my office, and take off your person every sign of your connection with the army. I shall give orders that if you appear on the street with so much as a military button on, it shall be torn off you." "I'd probably hit him a welt and he'd go off bawlin' like a calf," he communed with himself. "No; Billings is too tame, now, until he finds out whether we've got anything on him to send him to the penitentiary, where he orter go." "But you ain't nigh 18," said Si, looking him over, pleased with the boy's spirit. Si and Shorty ran down in the direction indicated. They found the boys, stern-eyed and resolute, surrounding two weak-eyed, trembling "crackers," who had apparently come to the train with baskets of leathery-crusted dried-apple pies for sale. The men were specimens of the weak-minded, weak-bodied, lank-haired "po' white trash," but the boys had sized them up on sight as dangerous spies and guerrillas, had laid hands on them and dragged them down into the brush, where Gid Mackall and Harry Joslyn were doing a fair reproduction of Williams, Paulding and Van Wert searching Maj. Andre's clothes for incriminating documents. They had the prisoners' hands tied behind them and their ankles bound. So far they had discovered a clumsy brass-barreled pistol and an ugly-looking spring dirk, which were sufficient to confirm the dangerous character of the men. Two of the boys had secured ropes from the train, which they were trying to fashion into hangman's nooses. Gid and Harry finished a painstaking examination of the men's ragged jeans vests, with a look of disappointment at finding nothing more inculpating that some fishhooks, chunks of twist tobacco and cob-pipes. "Do you say that Sherman has extra tunnels, too, to put in whenever one is needed?" asked Harry, with opening eyes. "You bob-tailed brevet West Pointer," said Shorty savagely, raising his fist, "I've a notion to break you in two for tryin' to beat me out o' what's mine. Git out o' here, or I'll—" Fruyling's World The song was necessary, and his voice, carrying over the sounds that filtered through to him, was clear and strong. The Quarter Sessions were held early in December, and Robert's case came wedged between the too hopeful finances of a journeyman butcher and the woes of a farmer from Guldeford who had tried to drown himself and his little boy off the Midrips. Robert was sentenced to three years' imprisonment. "Of course it is—and the very best silk too. I'll put it on. Please undo my dress." Her look of surprise and adoration was his reward. Pete fetched some soup from the larder and heated it up to a tepid condition; he also produced bread and cold bacon, which the prodigal could not touch. Albert sat hunched up by the fire, coughing and shivering. He had not altered much since he left Odiam; he was thin and hectic, and had an unshaved look about him, also there were a few grey streaks in his hair—otherwise he was the same. His manner was the same too, though his voice had changed completely, and he had lost his Sussex accent. "If I could only see a parson," sobbed Albert at last. "Sacrilege!" shouted he—"sacrilege! Take them, dead or alive!" It was to little purpose that Richard expostulated; the fair Joan was resolved to share in whatever perils might befal her son. As they approached Mile-end, the princess started at the deafening clamour which arose from the multitude; some shouting for Richard as they saw him advance, and others vociferating as loudly that all should hold their peace until they knew what the king would grant. When the tumult had in some degree subsided, Sir Aubrey de Vere and Sir Robert Knowles rode forward in advance of the king, and approaching Jack Straw, who was also on horseback:—
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