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      [藝術動態] 當代青年的盲盒熱潮:潮流背後的文化與商業

      3 已有 43 次阅读   2025-09-11 09:22
      当代青年的盲盒熱潮:潮流背后的文化与商业
      中國青年網 2025-09-10 05:59
      在全面建设社会主义文化强国的进程中,青年群体正逐渐成为文化消费的中坚力量。国家统计局数据显示,2025年一季度,我国文化企业实现营业收入33939亿元,同比增长6.2%;其中文化新业态的16个行业小类增速达到12.5%,远高于整体水平。潮玩盲盒Labubu在过去一年里迅速“出圈”,不仅风靡全国,还成为推动青年文创产业和文化消费升级的重要引擎。今年以来,Labubu所属IP系列创收同比增长726.6%,总产值达到30.4亿元,成为《“十四五”文化发展规划》中“显著提升文化创新创造活力”的生动实践。Labubu现象的出现,再次证明我国文化产业供给侧的强大动能。但当一代青年把潮玩推到文化舞台的中央,我们更需要冷静思考:盲盒熱潮的背后,到底是怎样的文化心理与商业逻辑?
      一、情緒價值被“高估”了嗎?
      “在遥远的「古灵镇」平行宇宙中,每当人类产生强烈的情感时,就会诞生一只精灵,例如孤独催生Labubu,贪婪滋长Tycoco……”这是香港艺术家龙家升2009年在绘本《The Monsters》中构建的一个“精怪”世界观。Labubu的设计取材自一种“文化反叛”,甚至,艺术家故意保留9颗尖牙的不完美外观,融合北欧精灵传说与“缺陷美学”,以打破传统萌系玩具的审美框架。
      誠然,消費心理學中,這種“醜萌”特質創造了關鍵的反差吸引力。過渡性客體理論解釋了爲什麽“不完美”特征能夠降低心理距離,增強親近感,從而具有這種審美特質的玩偶可以成爲焦慮等負面情緒外化的容器。Z世代青年在某些方面似乎展現了與之匹配的情感需求,例如2024年小紅書平台衍生出“接納不完美”的相關話題閱讀量逾千萬次。進而,大量評論認爲,這種設計哲學契合了Z世代的內心訴求:當Z世代因學業或職場、生活焦慮尋求心理援助時,Labubu獨特的審美與情感象征,能夠成爲他們可以自我情緒消化的“安全基地”,將現實中無法消化的情緒外化。這帶來一種聲音,即Labubu是因爲其對Z世代青年特殊的“情緒價值”而廣受歡迎。但是,筆者的調查發現,情緒價值遠非當前階段年輕人購買Labubu的首要驅動力,“情緒價值”的作用,也許受到高估。筆者進行的訪談表明,近七成受訪者提到購買Labubu的主要原因是“收集和開盲盒的刺激”,過半受訪者提及“社交分享”,而真正強調情感寄托的不足四成。甚至有近一半消費者在不了解Labubu故事背景的情況下選擇購買。由此可見,情感因素雖有影響,但“稀缺性”和“社交屬性”才是驅動青年消費的重要力量。
      二、警惕向“時代敘事”的外推
      大衆媒體上大量以“情緒價值”“情感消費”等爲標簽的敘事已然一定程度上偏離了事實,更需要警惕的是,“外推”至宏觀的社會結構來豐滿盲盒購買的價值,試圖人造地賦予Labubu某種時代蘊含。
      盲盒文化的渊源最早可以追溯至日本,日本在20世纪90年代泡沫经济后期,出现了扭蛋机、Hello Kitty的文化市场喷发,同时也出现了“平成一代”,他们成长于经济下行的年代:低欲望、逃避现实、拒绝社交、寻求精神树洞和小确幸是他们的群体标签。对盲盒文化的溯源,和前文所述的,对“情绪树洞”等效用的高估,容易让人将当今中国的盲盒文化潮流类睙嵴本,将对Labubu的偏爱过度解释为Z世代青年面对经济外生波动和不稳定预期的文化表达,从而给这个群体赋予相似的“自我封闭、反叛主流价值、崇尚消极自由”的标签。然而,这并非事实!
      信任是衡量上述社会心理的良好指标,“对大多数人具备较高的信任感”是“社会资本”的经典度量。基于此,笔者在自主调查中复现了2022年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)编号E34的问题:“总的来说,你认为大多数人是可以信任的,还是你在与人交往的时候不得不小心谨慎?”相比代表我国平均水平的CGSS数据,笔者的自主调查发现,盲盒玩具的年轻消费者更多选择了“大多数人总是可以信赖”或“大多数人通常可以信赖”的选项。在统计意义上,盲盒消费者睙岖国平均水平更愿意信任他人,展现出积极、浪漫的社会态度。他们并非消极避世,而是通过潮流玩具表达自我、寻求新鲜体验。换句话说,中国青年熱衷盲盒,并不是因为封闭,而是因为开放。这场消费熱潮的背后,折射的是年轻一代对“体验感”和“新鲜感”的追求,反映了中国文化市场在需求层次上的升级。
      三、“稀缺”與“不確定”:年輕人的“雙重追求”
      我們當下需要更多關注盲盒的消費心理驅動力,並以此尋找年輕一代消費者大量購入Labubu等盲盒玩具的動機。盲盒之所以讓人上瘾,很大程度上在于“稀缺性”和“不確定性”的結合。筆者進行的訪談顯示,越是執著于心儀款式的消費者,往往購買次數越多;而那些追求“開盒瞬間的刺激”的青年,也比直接在二手市場買現成款的人投入更多。追求稀缺性代表一個消費者爲了少數心儀的款式而連續購入盲盒直至成功的心理,在經濟理論中,這塑造了一個風險偏好的消費者(風險偏好通常是指決策者偏好高風險高回報選項,即使期望值相同或更低);在不進入二手市場的前提下,筆者認爲對稀缺性的追求會顯著提升盲盒消費者的購買率。通過讓受訪者回答“你剛才買的盲盒裏系列中,有幾個款式讓你覺得值99元或更高?”(大多Labubu系列盲盒玩具統一定價爲99元),筆者獲得了展示消費者稀缺性偏好的數字,這代表其選擇進入市場的心理阈值,這個數字越小,代表風險偏好程度越高。結果表明,風險偏好與年平均購買量正相關。在數量上,消費者選擇購入某系列盲盒所需要的心儀單品數阈值每下降1個,年平均購買量增加2.4次。盲盒購買者對心儀單品越執著,越傾向于低估未抽中的風險,最後擴大消費額度。
      值得注意的是,盲盒玩具實際上衍生出了龐大的二手市場。在此情況下,爲什麽年輕消費者依然樂此不疲地湧入“未知的”一級市場?筆者發現對不確定性帶來的刺激和新鮮感本身的偏好,即對體驗效用的追求,同樣解釋了消費者的購買行爲。體驗效用指的是行爲經濟學中,決策過程本身的樂趣(如賭博、盲盒)可能超過實際結果效用。數據表明,絕對不願意在二級市場上購買盲盒的消費者年平均購買量比其他消費者多約0.4至0.7倍。這表明,注重體驗效用(享受開盲盒那一刻的刺激感而非現成的産品)的受訪者傾向于買更多盲盒,盲盒消費者會在這種刺激心理的驅使下擁有超過産品價值本身的支付意願,從而加大盲盒消費。實際上,這就是所謂的“體驗效用”——開盲盒的過程本身,比得到玩偶的結果更讓人興奮。正是這種心理,讓許多青年願意爲“未知”付出超出産品本身價值的消費。
      四、情緒資本、商業、偶然與必然
      總之,在大量評論集中于解構以Labubu爲代表的盲盒經濟的社會文化符號時,筆者的自主調查發現,將盲盒消費簡單視爲青年情緒的“脆弱性”表達並不准確。相反,Z世代青年與Labubu之間的情緒“耦合”更像是一種情緒資本的積累過程:在開盒瞬間的期待與落差、交換中的互動與比較、展示時的成就與歸屬,這些情緒體驗被不斷轉化爲青年群體內部的社交貨幣。然而,若僅停留在情緒層面,則忽視了盲盒之所以能快速傳播的根源。布迪厄意義上的文化消費表明,青年在盲盒中的選擇並不僅僅是玩偶購買,而是對“品味”的實踐與區隔。盲盒商業模式以稀缺性、隨機性和社交性爲核心邏輯,爲青年提供了在“集體歸屬”與“個體獨特”之間往返的空間。
      由此,Labubu的“破圈”便不僅是一種偶然的亞文化符號爆紅,而是必然的商業邏輯所孕育出的偶然結果。從吉登斯的“結構化”視角來看,結構性的必然(盲盒商業模式的高度契合青年文化語境)與偶然性的觸發(某一形象與當代青年情緒的意外共振)共同造就了這一“爆款”。因此,Labubu的成功不能單純歸因于其符號魅力,而是商業模式、文化土壤與情緒資本在特定曆史時刻的疊加效應。
      五、結語:盲盒勿盲目
      文化研究不僅要揭示現象,還要引導青年一代的理性消費。盲盒的“稀缺”終究難以持久,盲目跟風甚至可能帶來投機和攀比的風險。對于青年而言,潮流可以追逐,但更應保持理性。盲盒的價值不在于虛幻的符號,而在于分享與交流的快樂。只有在健康的文化生態中,青年文化消費才能真正煥發活力,青年一代才能真正意義上成長爲建設文化強國的重要力量!
      [作者汪瑞系南京審計大學心理健康教育教學部副教授;呂昊霖系南京審計大學心理健康教育教學部研究助理。本文系2023年度教育部哲學社會科學研究重大課題攻關項目“中國式現代化建設的人口機遇、挑戰與政策研究”(課題號:23JZD028)的階段性成果]
      汪瑞 吕昊霖来源:中国青年报
      2025年09月10日 08版

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      He held out his hand. ‘I shall be very pleased to show you anything I’ve got,’ said Keeling. ‘We will have a cup of{274} tea in my library unless Lady Inverbroom is waiting in your motor.’ The morning after their return from Enoshima was mostly spent at the hotel, as all three of the excursionists were somewhat fatigued with their journey. The boys embraced the opportunity to ask the Doctor the meaning of certain things they had observed in Japan, and which had not been brought up in conversation. Till we look on the world from above." "Would I not tell my dream, as nice young men in the Bible always did?" "No," he said, "my last name is Durand." He gave it the French pronunciation. "She air!" He was pleased. "Yass, we all good frien's togetheh." "Gholson, s'e, 'I done as I done, sir, from my highest sense o' duty. This ain't Lieutenant Helm's own little private war, Lieutenant Quinn, nor mine, nor yours.'" "I am Charlotte Oliver." "I'm afraid your explanation won't hold water," he rejoined. "I can't bring myself not to believe in what I saw. You see, all my life I have been trying to believe in miracles, in manifestations. I have always said that if only we could bring ourselves to accept what is not obvious. My best sermons have been upon[Pg 129] that subject: of the desirability of getting ourselves into the receptive state. Sometimes the Vicar has objected. He seemed to think I was piling it on deliberately. But I assure you, Doctor Allingham, that I have always wanted to believe—and, in this case, it was only my infirmity and my unfortunate nervousness that led me to lose such an opportunity." "It sounds incredible," the Countess said. There was a faint moaning cry in the doorway, a tiny white figure stood there. Mamie had been awakened by the ringing of the bell, she had missed Hetty, and had come down in her childish way to see what was the matter. For compasses, the lead points should be cylindrical, and fit into a metal sheath without paper packing or other contrivance to hold them; and if a draughtsman has instruments not arranged in this manner, he should have them changed at once, both for convenience and economy. Chuck-boring is employed in three cases; for holes of shallow depth, taper holes, and holes that are screw-threaded. As pieces are overhung in lathe-boring there is not sufficient rigidity neither of the lathe spindle nor of the tools to admit of deep boring. The tools being guided in a straight line, and capable of acting at any angle to the axis of rotation, the facilities for making tapered holes are complete; and as the tools are stationary, and may be instantly adjusted, the same conditions answer for cutting internal screw-threads; an operation corresponding to cutting external screws, except that the cross motions of the tool slide are reversed. "Sister," I said, "I am a cousin of S?ur Eulalie, and should like to see her, to know how she is and take her greetings to her family in The Netherlands." 102 As I went a patrol marched out—reinforcements had again come from Tongres—whose task was to clear the district of the enemy. The patrol consisted of six Death-head hussars, about forty bicyclists, and the rest infantry, altogether about four hundred men, who were able to keep together, because the hussars and the cyclists proceeded very slowly and cautiously in the direction of Lanaeken. I went with them, chatting with one of the officers. As soon as they had got to the road, the greatest caution188 was observed. The hussars went in front, followed by some of the infantry, all in loose formation, continually looking about in all directions, with the finger at the cock of the rifle. Nor is it only the personality of Socrates that has been so variously conceived; his philosophy, so far as it can be separated from his life, has equally given occasion to conflicting interpretations, and it has even been denied that he had, properly speaking, any philosophy at all. These divergent presentations of his teaching, if teaching it can be called, begin with the two disciples to whom our knowledge of it is almost entirely due. There is, curiously enough, much the same inner discrepancy between Xenophon’s Memorabilia and those111 Platonic dialogues where Socrates is the principal spokesman, as that which distinguishes the Synoptic from the Johannine Gospels. The one gives us a report certainly authentic, but probably incomplete; the other account is, beyond all doubt, a highly idealised portraiture, but seems to contain some traits directly copied from the original, which may well have escaped a less philosophical observer than Plato. Aristotle also furnishes us with some scanty notices which are of use in deciding between the two rival versions, although we cannot be sure that he had access to any better sources of information than are open to ourselves. By variously combining and reasoning from these data modern critics have produced a third Socrates, who is often little more than the embodiment of their own favourite opinions. the summer when I wasn't teaching Latin to my two stupid children. And so on, in an endless file, come the bodies of the faithful dead, some from long distances, so that their souls may rise at once to paradise from their ashes burnt on the Manumenka. “Looks bad, this-here, don’t it?” He grinned. Turning with a confidential air and addressing Dick, for whom he seemed to have the greater liking, Mr. “Everdail” spoke. “All ready!” called Larry, bending the end of the line so its flow went into the central tank of the amphibian. As soon as the yacht came in sight, they stared toward the stern. “We can prove it—come on!” He held up a hand, and pointed ahead, then opened the throttle, came onto a straightaway course over the hydroplane, rapidly overhauled it and got well ahead. Then, cutting the gun and gliding, as it came up under them, he signaled, and Dick, waiting, ignited a second flare. “What about Tommy Larsen?” He failed in his purpose. “Tommy’s a good pilot,” Jeff admitted. “Well—I’ll be on my way. See you at the next air Derby!” Jeff grinned at his joke and walked on. Countless times his nerves had been pulled by sounds which turned out on second thought to be only the contracting of the hot metal, subjected to the sun all day, as the evening breeze robbed it of its warmth. “He could start his motor and taxi while it warmed up, and be half across the Sound before he took off if he wanted to, in that ‘phib,’” the pilot said. Turning, he called that he would get going, and returned beyond their view beyond the trees. "Some Sierra Blanca, sir," said the soldier. It was respectful enough, and yet there was somewhere in the man's whole manner an air of equality, even superiority, that exasperated the lieutenant. It was contrary to good order and military discipline that a private should speak without hesitation, or without offence to the English tongue. A long sunset shadow fell across his path, and he looked up. Felipa was walking beside a little white burro, and holding Mrs. Campbell's golden-curled baby upon its back. She carried her head superbly erect, and her step, because of the moccasins, was quite noiseless. The glow of the sunset shone in her unflinching eyes, and lost itself in the dull black mass of her hair. She studied his face calmly, with a perfectly impersonal approval. There were also magazines and a few books in more than one language, wild flowers arranged in many sorts[Pg 36] of strange jars, and in the corner, by an improvised couch, a table stacked with cups and plates of Chelsea-Derby, which were very beautiful and very much out of place. "Over here to Tucson" was a three days' ride under the most favorable circumstances; but with the enthusiastic botanist dismounting at short intervals to make notes and press and descant upon specimens, it was five days before they reached, towards nightfall, the metropolis of the plains. At the instant a cloud floated over the sun, and soon a black bank began to fill up the sky above the ca?on. As they ate their breakfast in the tent, the morning darkened forebodingly. Felipa finished the big quart cup of weak coffee hurriedly, and stood up, pushing[Pg 99] back her camp-stool. Her horse and four others were waiting. Kirby was without fear, but he was also without redress. He turned from them, his face contracted with the pain of his impotence, and walked back to the house. "I could order them off the ranch to-night," he told his wife, as he dropped on a chair, and taking up the hearth brush made a feint of sweeping two or three cinders from the floor; "but it's ten to one they wouldn't go and it would weaken my authority—not that I have any, to be sure—and besides," he flung down the brush desperately and turned to her, "I didn't want to tell you before, but there is a pretty straight rumor that Victorio's band, or a part of it, is in these hills. We may need the men at any time." Neither spoke of the two who should have been back hours ago. The night closed slowly down. [Pg 209] "Now you get up and walk in front of me, and don't you try to bolt. I can run faster than you can, and, anyway, I'll shoot you if you try it." The probable outcome of things at the rate they were going was perfectly apparent. Landor would advance in age, respectability, and rank, and would be retired and settle down on three-fourths pay. He himself would end up in some cow-boy row, degraded and worthless, a tough character very probably, a fine example of nothing save atavism. And Felipa would grow old. That splendid triumphant youth of hers would pass, and she would be a commonplace, subdued, middle-aged woman, in whom a relapse to her nature would be a mere vulgarity. She gave a dry little sob of unutterable glad relief and tried to raise her voice and call to him, the call they used for one another when they rode about the ranch. But the sound was only a weak, low wail. Eugene, during these affairs, had been actively prosecuting the fortunes of the Allies with his remnant of an army. He pushed on the siege of Quesnoy, and took it. He sent a flying detachment of one thousand five hundred cavalry, under Major-General Grovestein, to make an incursion into France. This force made a rapid raid in Champagne, passed the Noire, the Meuse, the Moselle, and the Saar, ravaged the country, reduced a great number of villages and towns to[7] ashes, rode up to the very gate of Metz, and then retired to Traerbach with a load of rich booty. This was a proof of what might have been done in France at this period with the whole army united under a commander like Marlborough, in place of miserably giving up everything to that country in the moment of power. As it was, it created the utmost consternation in Paris, the people of which already saw the English at their gate; whilst Louis did not think himself safe at Versailles, but gathered all the troops in the neighbourhood of the capital around his palace, leaving the city to take care of itself. WELFEN CASTLE, HANOVER. Colonel Gardiner endeavoured to charge the advancing enemy with his dragoons; but it was in vain that he attempted to animate their craven souls by word and example—at the first volley of the Highlanders they wheeled and fled. The same disgraceful scene took place on the left, at nearly the same moment. Hamilton's regiment of horse dispersed at the first charge of the Macdonalds, leaving the centre exposed on both its flanks. The infantry made a better stand than the cavalry; it discharged a steady and well-directed volley on the advancing Highlanders, and killed some of their best men, amongst others, a son of the famous Rob Roy. But the Highlanders did not give them time for a second volley; they were up with them, dashed aside their bayonets with their targets, burst through their ranks in numerous places, so that the whole, not being able to give way on account of the park wall of Preston, were thrown into confusion, and at the mercy of the foe. Never was a battle so instantly decided—it is said not to have lasted more than five or six minutes; never was a defeat more absolute. Sir John Cope, or Johnnie Cope, as he will be styled in Scotland to the end of time, by the assistance of the Earls of Loudon and Home, collected about four hundred and fifty of the recreant dragoons, and fled to Coldstream that night. There not feeling secure, they continued their flight till they reached Berwick, where Sir Mark Kerr received Cope with the[97] sarcastic but cruelly true remark that he believed that he was the first general on record who had carried the news of his own defeat. "The same idea has occurred to me," said the Lieutenant; "though I've felt all along that we should not be diverted by anything from making our way as fast as possible up to the main line. What do you think, Shorty?" "I cannot get you out of the army too quickly. Sign this, and leave my office, and take off your person every sign of your connection with the army. I shall give orders that if you appear on the street with so much as a military button on, it shall be torn off you." "I'd probably hit him a welt and he'd go off bawlin' like a calf," he communed with himself. "No; Billings is too tame, now, until he finds out whether we've got anything on him to send him to the penitentiary, where he orter go." "But you ain't nigh 18," said Si, looking him over, pleased with the boy's spirit. Si and Shorty ran down in the direction indicated. They found the boys, stern-eyed and resolute, surrounding two weak-eyed, trembling "crackers," who had apparently come to the train with baskets of leathery-crusted dried-apple pies for sale. The men were specimens of the weak-minded, weak-bodied, lank-haired "po' white trash," but the boys had sized them up on sight as dangerous spies and guerrillas, had laid hands on them and dragged them down into the brush, where Gid Mackall and Harry Joslyn were doing a fair reproduction of Williams, Paulding and Van Wert searching Maj. Andre's clothes for incriminating documents. They had the prisoners' hands tied behind them and their ankles bound. So far they had discovered a clumsy brass-barreled pistol and an ugly-looking spring dirk, which were sufficient to confirm the dangerous character of the men. Two of the boys had secured ropes from the train, which they were trying to fashion into hangman's nooses. Gid and Harry finished a painstaking examination of the men's ragged jeans vests, with a look of disappointment at finding nothing more inculpating that some fishhooks, chunks of twist tobacco and cob-pipes. "Do you say that Sherman has extra tunnels, too, to put in whenever one is needed?" asked Harry, with opening eyes. "You bob-tailed brevet West Pointer," said Shorty savagely, raising his fist, "I've a notion to break you in two for tryin' to beat me out o' what's mine. Git out o' here, or I'll—" Fruyling's World The song was necessary, and his voice, carrying over the sounds that filtered through to him, was clear and strong. The Quarter Sessions were held early in December, and Robert's case came wedged between the too hopeful finances of a journeyman butcher and the woes of a farmer from Guldeford who had tried to drown himself and his little boy off the Midrips. Robert was sentenced to three years' imprisonment. "Of course it is—and the very best silk too. I'll put it on. Please undo my dress." Her look of surprise and adoration was his reward. Pete fetched some soup from the larder and heated it up to a tepid condition; he also produced bread and cold bacon, which the prodigal could not touch. Albert sat hunched up by the fire, coughing and shivering. He had not altered much since he left Odiam; he was thin and hectic, and had an unshaved look about him, also there were a few grey streaks in his hair—otherwise he was the same. His manner was the same too, though his voice had changed completely, and he had lost his Sussex accent. "If I could only see a parson," sobbed Albert at last. "Sacrilege!" shouted he—"sacrilege! Take them, dead or alive!" It was to little purpose that Richard expostulated; the fair Joan was resolved to share in whatever perils might befal her son. As they approached Mile-end, the princess started at the deafening clamour which arose from the multitude; some shouting for Richard as they saw him advance, and others vociferating as loudly that all should hold their peace until they knew what the king would grant. When the tumult had in some degree subsided, Sir Aubrey de Vere and Sir Robert Knowles rode forward in advance of the king, and approaching Jack Straw, who was also on horseback:—
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